assumptions,equations,calculations...are the mathematics knowledge u need to implement... for simpler robots its all abt assumptions and deriving the right threshold..as ur robot gets complicated so does ur algorithm and ur equation which control it... for image processing...geometry is everything... triangulation,orientation,centre of gravity... etc are needed to be accrurate and efficient.. for UAV ...gps navigation...shortest path,angulr orientation...etc are needed..
the general scope of mathematics that can be used in robotics is as huge as mathemtics itself....but u can build a robot by using some of te most basic mathematical concepts lik addition,subtraction etc...
it all depends on what ur building ad how ur building it...if u can build a robot without any maths then so be it...if u can build a robot using the most complex of equations nd theories then also so be it... ..