Here is a pack that lets you program, compile and upload files to your microcontroller.
http://www.slax.org/modules.php?action=detail&id=2266It's a slax module, but you can install basics like
avr-binutils
avr-gcc
avr-libc
avra
avrdude
avrp
with your favorite packagemanager (yum, apt-get etc) or compile from source. You can take the other programs like ponyprog from the link I posted.
Wish you fun doing all your stuff on linux!:)
Greets,
Max